Eaton Fire #17: A Year of Swimming Up a Waterfall

Rebuilding from the Eaton Fire is a full-time job. But it also makes my actual full-time job, writing about disinformation and conspiracy theories, nearly impossible. Your Patreon subscriptions help me carve out the time to write and research, so I can stay ahead of the madness while I deal with the madness. Thank you!


It’s been a year since we lost our home and our neighborhood in the Eaton Fire. What began as desperate hours become a few days of panicked flight, which turned into weeks of slow-rolling horror as the new reality settled in. Then it became months of exhausting struggle, endless frustration, gallows humor, tree-destroying notetaking and list-making, and a seemingly never-ending supply of walls to bang our heads into.

And that’s just been our experience with our mortgage company.

Every survivor of the Eaton and Palisades Fires has that one company or entity that’s made their post-disaster life a bureaucratic hellscape. For many, it’s been their insurance company holding up rebuilding payments or refusing loss of use money with demands to move back into an unlivable house. For others, it’s been a contractor suddenly not showing up. Or FEMA not paying out a grant. Or the city of LA dragging its feet on permits or making unreasonable planning demands about drainage other some other dumb crap.

One thing you’ll find with survivors is that we all have different nightmares, but we all have nightmares.

Ours is our mortgage company. If anything symbolizes our year of struggle and strife, of uncertainty and frustration, it’s been our multi-front war with the massive corporation that holds the note on our no longer extant house. Rather than go into the litany of battles we’ve fought this year, I want to explore this one particular battle. It symbolizes with ruthless efficiency not just how difficult rebuilding is, but how soul-sucking and dispiriting it is to be an American in search of answers and help from a major corporation, and to get nothing back but busy work and delays delivered with perky hold music.

Writing about our struggle as homeowners does not invalidate the experience of renters, who are going through their own horrific battles against landlords and property managers. Being able to own any kind of home in LA is a privilege I don’t take lightly. But as much as a privilege as it is, you’ll forgive me if I’ve come to think of it more as a millstone – or maybe an empty string that once held a millstone, but which still weighs a ton. Metaphors fail me.

Please also note that this is not a comprehensive listing of every contact we’ve had with the mortgage company, but a summary of the madness of the last year. I’ve spared you all every single detail, because many are too boring or stupid to recount. Or they’re lost in the haze.

One of the first things we had to do when we lost the house was figure out if we had to actually pay the mortgage. Do you still send in payments on a home that doesn’t exist anymore? As it turns out, you do. The bank is not going to let you off the hook that easy. But they will work with you, because ultimately, they’d rather have your money than have you default.

So we went into forbearance with our mortgage company, which I’m calling Bob, because I don’t want to publicly light up a company we’re still doing business with. Despite our ordeal, we still need to work with them, and to do that, some details have to be held a little closer than I might like.

Bob wasn’t the first company to hold our mortgage, ending up as its administrator after it bought or absorbed or consolidated with some other mortgage company. But Bob is our current mortgage holder. So we called Bob a few days after the fire to talk about what we could do while we figure out what to do.

Bob, or one of the many people who work for Bob, told us we could put our payments on pause for a year in order to save money and simplify our financial life as we tended to other matters. Ultimately, of course, we would have to decide how to make up those payments. There were three options we could pick: a balloon payment in a year, tacking the payment on to the very end of the loan, or a loan modification that restructured the entire loan with the same interest rate.

But that was a problem for down the road, we thought. In the first few months after the fire, we had to figure out much more basic and elemental things. So forbearance it was.

Oh, and would we keep accumulating interest on our unmade payments, thereby actually increasing the amount of money we’d owe Bob over the life of the loan?

After about six or so months, it was time to decide if we wanted to start making the payments again, and how. We’d been getting letters the entire year that we were past due on our mortgage, but Bob told us that they were just form letters sent automatically by their system, and that they could be ignored. Could Bob just not send them? Of course not, but they didn’t matter. We were squarely in forbearance. And we knew from our earlier conversations with Bob that we’d be able to do the loan modification, so there was nothing to worry about. As planned, we called in October to set it up. We were told we could essentially modify our loan to a 40 year term starting now, and keep our low interest rate – thank you to COVID for that one. So we waited. And we waited. And heard nothing.

We called Bob again, and spoke to someone completely different (which we’d done every time we’d called). After again explaining what we’d been told, we were kicked to a different department, and were told that Bob doesn’t do loan modifications without an application – though we’d been told earlier we didn’t need to fill out anything to apply for one, because the government had declared the fire as a disaster. Then we called again, spoke to someone new again, got kicked around again, this time to something called “loss mitigation,” and were told that Bob doesn’t do loan modifications AT ALL, and we weren’t eligible for one anyway because there’s no home to collateralize against the loan.

Got that? No, you don’t.

Since that call completely contradicted everything we’d been told, we called again. We again spoke to someone different in a different department, who told us we are eligible, and don’t need to apply, but need to get approval from Fannie Mae as the actual funder of the loan – and that Bob would call us when they had it. So again, different people tell us different things that contradict each other. But at least someone would call us this time.

So did they call us? They did not. We called again. And again talked to someone new. And explained it all again. The trauma, the loss, the uncertainty. Then that person told us that Fannie Mae doesn’t make loan modification approvals on a property that doesn’t have a home. While at the same time, our forbearance had been extended in anticipation of us getting a loan modification, because we need to be in forbearance to get the loan modification.

Which they don’t do. Except when they do?

We called again. Swimming in contradictory information and demands, we went through our whole sad story. Again. Then we essentially begged a call center employee to speak to someone in management after this person told us flat out, in a charming southern drawl, “I don’t know what to do with you.” Again, this is their “loss mitigation” department, which apparently does not know how to handle loss mitigation. Ultimately, we were connected to a VP. This VP is now personally handling our case. Except it’s not being handled, because we are still getting letters from Bob telling us that we are not only delinquent in our payments, we are in default. And we get these letters at the exact same time we get letters telling us we have gotten another three months on our forbearance.

Finally, this VP told us that we have to get the default letters as a matter of federal law, even though we are not in default. I don’t know what kind of madness it is to tell people they are in default despite not being in default, and to not tell people that the letters telling them they’re in default can be discarded. But that’s Bob for you. Or maybe it’s the system that keeps Bob and his brothers fat and satisfied on our interest payments.

It should not have to take a senior manager, dozens of letters, and entire reams of paper to tell us that we are where we thought we were. Nor should it have taken us entire days spent on the phone with a dozen or more people in four different departments, none of whom were able to tell us anything consistent until we threw ourselves down and begged. It should not be like this. But none of this should be like it is.

If this Kafkaesque nightmare was our only interaction with Bob, maybe that would take some of the sting out of our relationship’s disarray.

But it’s not by a longshot. Bob has several more attack surfaces on which to bombard us with nonsense, and I’m going to go into them here, because they are insane.

One of these is homeowners insurance. Did you know that you don’t actually need to insure a home that doesn’t exist? We didn’t, until our insurance company (who we like a lot) called us to help us cancel ours because they don’t insure land. We’d be able to buy more when we had a new home, but until then, we could just pay renters insurance on where we’re living. Sounds great! Winning!

Then came Bob. Bob sent us a letter telling us they had been informed we had cancelled our homeowners insurance, and that despite having no home to insure, we had to have homeowners insurance because our home is “vacant/abandoned.” So they would be buying us something called Lender Purchased Insurance unless we prove the land itself is vacant. And naturally, LPI is more expensive than what we had before and we’d have no choice on who they bought it from. But we didn’t need a choice, because we didn’t need it at all. There was nothing to insure.

So we sent proof in the form of our Army Corps of Engineers confirmation that our land was cleared and there is no home to be “vacant/abandoned.” After sending this proof, we were again told we needed to send proof. Then we sent proof again, and were told the LPI was being canceled. Except we then got another call asking for more documentation, even though the person calling us was able to see in our file that the LPI was canceled and said so!

This is another “feature” of Bob. The people who call us don’t appear to have read our file, and the people we talk to when we call don’t appear to be able to read other departments’ files. So by design, or by dint of incompetence, nobody at Bob has any idea what anyone else at Bob has done. We get conflicting calls and letters from different departments. We get conflicting calls and letters from the same department. We get them on the same day.

Then there’s the escrow debacle, proving not only that these companies don’t work in the best interests of their customers, but that they don’t seem to understand or feel like they have to follow the laws that govern the rest of us.

When your house burns down and you file an insurance claim, you get back a Very Large Check from your insurance company to rebuild or repair your dwelling. Except this Very Large Check isn’t made out to you. It’s made out to you and your mortgage holder. You just get it first, sign it, and send it via certified mail to the mortgage holder. They sign it and deposit it in an escrow account, making payments to you when you hit certain milestones in your rebuilding.

“Wait, this means your money isn’t actually yours?” you ask? That’s exactly what it means, because the mortgage company holds your debt. But they’re nice enough to manage it for you, at least. Right?

We were fortunate enough to have an overage between what we still owe and what the Very Large Check was made out for. Bob told us that the overage was our money, that they had no right to it, and that they’d send it to us right away. The rest of the money would be paid out when we made progress on the new house, such as sending in a materials list and blueprints. Even though we were months away from any such documents, at least we’d get the overage and could keep it under our control, right?

Clearly not. Instead, we had to fight Bob every step of the way to get our money, which they told us was not their money. After multiple calls (with the usual explanations every time of what we were going through,) Bob flat out told us that they’d release the money, but they were making an “exception” and had to go through multiple legal steps to release the funds. After months and numerous calls, they were nice enough to send us our overage, after making sure we knew what a wonderful and outsized thing they were doing for us.

We fought the battle again a few months later, trying to get a release of funds after we’d sent in our plans. We didn’t get 1/3 of what was left, which is what we’d been told we’d get, but one third of the total amount of the Very Large Check minus the overage that we’d already gotten. Building a home in LA is really expensive, and we needed what we needed when we were supposed to get it. When we called Bob (naturally speaking to someone new) they told us that Bob never releases a third of what’s left after the overage. And an exception would have to be made.

Again, two people telling us totally different things that totally contradict each other. And we have to jump through hoops inside hoops to get any kind of satisfaction, costing us hours of time and unmeasurable anguish.

But hey, at least that Very Large Check is earning some sweet interest in Bob’s escrow account, right? You bet it is, after California passed a bill requiring insurers to pay 2% interest to the homeowner on insurance payouts. A little help for us fire survivors, right?

Nah. Bob couldn’t tell us what kind of interest the money was making, how much it had made, when we’d get it, or where we could see it. When pressed, Bob told us that “things are handled on a case by case basis.” Which is not actually how law works. There is no law that says white-bordered stop signs are optional after 9pm, nor is there a law that mortgage companies can follow if they feel like paying escrow, but only on a case by case basis.

We have deployed every weapon in our limited arsenal to fight back against Bob. We’ve asked for a case manager to be assigned. They don’t do that. We asked to be conferenced in to calls with multiple departments at once, so we could all be on the same page. They don’t do that. We have filed several complaints with state offices, only to have those complaints be sent to different offices, and then be told by Bob that our complaints had been resolved, despite them not being resolved in any way.

We have taken so many notes that we had to buy more notepads. Recently we were called by a client advocacy officer to tell us a new complaint had been opened up based on a very long email we sent where we included the CEO of Bob, because why not. When we asked the client advocate what the status of the complaint was, he said he had no update. When we asked if he’d called us to update us that he had no update, he said yes and sounded annoyed we’d asked the question.

Bob has us in his grasp. We can’t pay off our mortgage and also build a new house. Psychologically, we don’t want to pay a mortgage on a lost home, but we want to work with Bob to figure out a way to eventually pay what we owe on a new home. Bob tells us that customers are their top priority, but Bob’s top priority appears to be nothing more than confusing and traumatizing us. The people at Bob are mostly nice, many express genuine condolence on our loss. It’s just that they don’t know how to help, and don’t seem to have any system in place that would let them.

Meanwhile, our trauma is unearthed time and time again. A year of loss and uncertainty is packed into every call, every frustrated question, every demand to speak to a supervisor. Bob tells us they want to help, and does nothing to help. And we start over every time.

If I’ve learned anything this last year, it’s that corporations have so much power over us that they don’t need to do anything to solve the problems they’ve created. They have so much money and sway that all they know how to do is increase their money and sway. All we want is a house to call our own, but that’s not in Bob’s plan for us. These monoliths of commerce are dehumanizing centers of confusion and delay, where speaking to a person is akin to swimming up a waterfall and where getting results is like pushing a boulder up a hill while being chased by wolves who bombard you with conflicting letters.

Through it all, we are not okay. Nobody in Altadena or the Palisades is okay. We are exhausted. We are demoralized. We are just fucking tired of everything being so hard.

But we go on. Even though we can’t go on, we go on. And we go on because of people, not companies. Our community has been our saving grace. Our friends have been our lifeline. Our neighbors have been our safe havens. Our family has been our resting place. We are still here because of that. And only because of that.

Not Bob, though. Bob can sit on a tack.

When the President Lies About You

The Eaton Fire was nine months ago, but our rebuilding has only just begun. To support my work countering disinformation and conspiracy theories, please consider a paid monthly subscription to my Patreon page. Thank you!


A lot has happened since we lost our home – to us, to our community, to our country. Rebuilding is a full time job, one that pays in exhaustion and crushing lows. And it doesn’t help anyone when the President of the United States lies to the entire country about what happened to you, and how he could have stopped it if only someone had let him.

Even with the relentless lying inherent to Donald Trump’s political rise, it’s still somewhat disconcerting to have the most powerful man in the world specifically making up an entire fiction about what happened to you and your community. And it’s even stranger that he does it in the service of making himself the real victim of the disaster, as opposed to the people whose lives were devastated and remain in perpetual limbo.

Over and over, in dozens of press conferences and public remarks, Trump has created a fantastical and fake version of the LA fires.

In this bizarre fantasy, the fires started because of Governor Gavin Newsom refused to allow water into California from Oregon in order to protect an endangered fish. They destroyed far more homes than they actually destroyed, and were only contained because Trump (who was not president) “broke into” the water supply of various Pacific Northwest states and funneled it through a “giant faucet” to put out the fires.

If you go by statements like these, he’s a hero, and also the real victim:

March 13: “A place called Los Angeles almost burned to the ground.  By the way, I broke into Los Angeles.  Can you believe it?  I had to break in. […] And we opened up the water, and the water is now flowing down.  They have so much water, they don’t know what to do.  They were sending it out to the Pacific for environmental reasons.  Okay?  Can you believe it?  And in the meantime, they lost 25,000 houses.  They lost — and nobody’s ever seen anything like it.”

May 6: “I always liked Gavin. I have a good relationship with him. I just got him a lot of water. I sent in people to open up that water. We just got him a lot of water. If they would’ve had that water and done what I said to do, they wouldn’t have had the fires in Los Angeles.”

June 10: “Look at the fires he had. He had fires where half the city it seemed burned down. What was it? 25,000 houses, all because he wouldn’t take water. I released the water from the Pacific Northwest and it came down, millions of gallons a day. And it’s right there, right now. They’d like to send it back.”

August 25: “They did lose 25,000 houses to a fire that should have never occurred. Because they didn’t let the water come down from the Pacific Northwest, which you guys don’t want to write about. I had to break into the water supply to let the water down. And even now we want more. We can have much more. Less than half of what should be coming in.”

September 3: “Newsom didn’t allow the water to come from the Pacific Northwest. I demanded that to be open. If that were open. You wouldn’t have had the fire because all the sprinklers would’ve worked in the houses.”

September 12: “They lost 25,000 houses to fires because they didn’t have the water come down from the Pacific Northwest. They have a lot of water but they send it out into Pacific to protect a little tiny fish which did very badly when it didn’t have any water, by the way.”

October 14: “They already lost 25,000 houses to fire because they wouldn’t let the water come in from the Pacific Northwest. They didn’t do it and we had 25,000 homes where they had no water in the sprinklers, they had no water in the fire hydrants. We broke in and had the water come down.”

If someone you loved were rambling this kind of relentless nonsense, touting himself as the victim of a disaster that only he could have stopped, you’d start looking at websites for memory care wards. But since it’s Trump, he has a cult of personality that holds up his every word as gospel, and a press that either just goes along to get along, or amplifies his lies. So he gets away with telling the same lie over and over again – he stopped the fire he didn’t stop, and could have stopped it sooner had Newsom, who did not start the fire, not stopped him from stopping it.

Obviously, this is very stupid. But it’s also incredibly dispiriting and depressing. It does nothing to help survivors, and instead kicks them while they’re down.

I lived through what he’s talking about, as did the tens of thousands of people in West Altadena who have been displaced by the fires. Naturally, he does not care. He hasn’t visited Altadena, he hasn’t mentioned it as far as I can tell, and has actively hindered our recovery process. In his first days in office, he repeatedly claimed that the fires happened because of an endangered smelt, and ordered the state to reroute water from the north to Southern California. There was no way to do this quickly or cheaply, and it wasn’t needed, because the fires had been almost entirely contained by the time he was inaugurated.

Since then, his administration has gutted the federal workforce, including the Forest Service and federal wildland firefighters. He has turned US relief agencies into shells of themselves, while threatening to all but close FEMA. And he has, again and again, threatened to withhold federal aid from the state if the government doesn’t meet a set of ridiculous conditions. We haven’t received billions in promised assistance for reasons Trump and his minions in the GOP won’t articulate.

Fire survivors in LA expected to do a lot of the heavy lifting of rebuilding without help from a Trump administration that has always spoken of Southern California as some kind of Satanic dumping ground. But the lying has become so pathological that one begins to wonder if he actually thinks it’s real – that he really believes he saved Los Angeles weeks before he became president, and we should thank him for it by arresting immigrants and giving him money.

He did not “break into” anything to release any water, nor did he have any ability to do anything of the sort before he was inaugurated again. A week after taking office, Trump ordered the opening of two dams in Central California, flooding unneeded and destructive water into Central Valley farmland owned by the farmers who have supported him election after election. It did nothing to help anyone, and was nowhere near LA. He called it a victory, when it was literally nothing but a cheap stunt and a knife in the back for his loyal farmer voters.

There is no “giant faucet” and Trump’s understanding of water on the west coast appears to be cribbed out of things he heard from donors and mixed with things he made up. It is an infantile flight of fancy to believe that a huge pipe can just be opened up to allow limitless “water from the Pacific Northwest,” because it doesn’t flow to LA, and the infrastructure to make that happen would be ludicrously expensive and inefficient. Nothing he’s talking about would have stopped the fires, and his relentless destruction of the federal government is all but ensuring that future fires will be worse, and that survivors will have fewer resources at their disposal to recover.

Trump is even lying about the number of homes lost in the fires, exaggerating it by almost half. About 13,000 homes were lost – a far cry from the 25,000 he keeps repeating.

Everything he has said about the fires is a lie, and it’s a lie that continues to turn the loss and devastation of thousands of families – people who live in the country that he is president of – into a cheap punchline. He doesn’t care about us, I get that. But he doesn’t even care to know what happened to us. He doesn’t care that he’s wrong. He doesn’t care that the fiction he’s created doesn’t help anyone and mocks our pain.

If you want to know what happened in Altadena and Palisades, ask someone who survived it. Talk to us, get our stories from the people who lived them. Trump’s ridiculous fiction is just that, a story he tells himself and his fans to make himself part of a story he wasn’t part of, and absolve him of giving a damn about the survivors. Because he doesn’t have to care.

We don’t have that option.

Eaton Fire #16: Six Months Out

The Eaton Fire was six months ago today, and we’re still in the early stages of rebuilding our home and replacing the decades’ worth of things we lost. If you can help at all, a subscription on Patreon would be greatly appreciated. I promise to post more exclusive content on there once I get a little more settled in a new work routine. Thank you!


Nobody can prepare you for when disaster personally strikes you. You can read up on disaster prep, you can stockpile canned goods and batteries, you can even write down your plans and practice what you’ll do and where you’ll go. But if it happens, a lot of that won’t matter. Certainly the canned goods, batteries, and cash we had did us little good as our house went up in flames. It became just more stuff to melt and clean up.

We are six months out from the Eaton Fire burning down our house, our possessions, our neighborhood, much of our town, and many of the businesses and places we went to.

How are we doing, you ask?

The short answer is…*shrug*

The longer answer is that it’s complicated. We’re doing fine. We’re doing terrible. We’re exhausted. We’re energized. We’re coming to terms with it. It’s all bunch of bullshit. It could be worse. It could DEFINITELY be better.

Certainly, it’s different now. We spent hours, then days, then weeks, driving a train with no track in front of it, and no destination other than somewhere else. Then we got somewhere else. We settled into a routine of phone calls, emails, lists, Zoom meetings, panicky freaking out, sleepless nights, remembering things we lost, and doing it all over again the next day. We went back to work, the kids went back to school, we started paying bills and making plans and trying to create some semblance of order in the somewhere else we’d landed in. We tried to make it, if not normal, then less chaotic.

It’s never going to be normal (whatever that is), but it’s not pants on fire crazy anymore.

And the rest of the world mostly moved on, as it should have and as it always does. For the hundreds of millions of Americans who didn’t lose their home in the January fires, there were more pressing concerns – work, school, political nonsense, TV, sports, going out to bars, doing whatever it is that people do and whatever it is we used to do. Eventually we even starting doing some of those things – we’ve gone to birthday parties and baseball games and I’ve even managed to watch some good TV.

But moving on? No, we’re not doing that. We are still trying to survive the fires.

Six months later the chaos and upheaval remain. Many of us are still performing the humiliating ritual of looking for a new place to live every few months. We have friends who are nearing double digits in the number of addresses they’ve lived at since January. We’re struggling to deal with insurance companies who want us to move back to unlivable homes, with landlords who have decided to abdicate any sense of responsibility or humanity, and with the vagaries and uncertainties of rebuilding. LA itself feels like it’s still in a haze of uncertainty, which isn’t being helped any by the current administration’s constant efforts to make things harder for us.

And we’re doing it with far less help than we had in the early days. The GoFundMe drives have long since ended, grants are mostly down to a trickle, and the Disaster Recovery Center that many of us spent more time in than our actual homes or workplaces is closed. Many of the agencies who staffed it are facing massive budget and personnel cuts – with an onslaught of summer weather disasters staring them down.

Meanwhile, building costs go up, ICE raids are thinning out the available pool of workers, and erratic tariffs mean it’s almost impossible to pin down how much new homes will cost – only that they will cost more than any of us were insured for. The long-term effect on our mental and physical health is just as unknown, as an entire city tries to cope and compartmentalize the trauma we’ve all gone through, just a few years removed from the trauma of COVID.

I still wake up remembering things we didn’t take when we evacuated. The grief of losing the house mingles with the grief of losing my mom, which has its own anniversary next week. I’ve lost things that were meaningful to me, books and t-shirts from college, cards from our wedding, LEGO pieces that were 40 years old and that aren’t made anymore. Some could be replaced at great expense, others never. And I still hear the shrieking siren of the emergency evacuation alert in my head. Not as much as I used to, but it’s there. I relive evacuation day all the time, I remember every aspect of it like it was yesterday, even as I struggle to remember to do basic things that have to get done, or what people’s names are. As it turns out, trauma and cognitive impairment go hand in hand. So that’s great.

But it’s not all doom and despair.

We’ve gotten closer to our community and our neighbors, as gatherings at parties and kiddo activities become impromptu group therapy and recovery sessions. Our kids have amazed us with their resilience and humor. Many of us, though certainly not all of us, are getting a chance to build brand new homes. I’m only half-joking when I say that the fire helped me with my clutter problem and stalling on upgrading my wardrobe. And I’ll never run out of things to talk about in therapy – or write about or be interviewed about.

But beyond all that, the last two years, from losing my mom in July 2023 to losing the house a year and a half later, have told me that I’m far stronger and more durable than I could have imagined. I have endured multiple life-altering losses, and I’m still here, still cranking away at my work, still deluging my kids with corny dad jokes, still rooting for the absolutely terrible White Sox, still trying to be a good husband and person and citizen. Trying to pay forward and pay back all the goodwill and generosity we’ve gotten in the last six months.

And still getting out of bed every day, doing what I can to help us rebuild. Six months is a long time, and not a long time at all. So if you feel like it, check in with me or another fire survivor. Or any trauma survivor anywhere, who is dealing with things a long time after they happened.

We would appreciate the love.

Eaton Fire #15: I Don’t Live Here Anymore

I’m an independent journalist with an uncertain road ahead. To support my work telling the story of the Eaton Fire and its aftermath, please consider a paid monthly subscription to my Patreon page. Thank you!


It’s an overcast April day in Los Angeles, and I’m staring at the hole in the ground where my house used to be.

It burned down in the Eaton Fire of 2025, one of thousands of homes in Altadena that were destroyed by a fastmoving wildfire that overwhelmed everything around it and sent hundreds of thousands of people fleeing. It once was a house full of love, the accumulation of 40+ years of stuff, of memories. The first birthday parties for the kids. Watching the Dodgers win two World Series titles. Spending months isolated during lockdown having impromptu stuffie tea parties and making convoys with toy cars that are all gone. Holidays and parties and long nights when I felt like nothing was going to work out and great days when it all worked out.

Now it’s a hole in the ground.

If one wanted to be pedantic, it’s not really a hole, per se. It’s too wide and not deep enough – only six inches below the ground, just enough to take away the topsoil rendered toxic by the polluted slurry of ash and dust the fire left behind. It’s more of an indentation, really, roughly in the shape of a foundation where a house used to be. A depression, perhaps. Not a pit, though. Nor a trench. And really, not a hole.

If there’s a technical term is for what I’m staring at, I can’t immediately think of it. It’s hard to think or feel anything.

Mostly what I’m feeling is dizzy. There’s nothing to orient myself to, nothing that serves as a marker for where things start and end other than a few fenceposts. It feels like looking at a distant and blank horizon on the water, disconcerting and unsettling. Or maybe that’s the feeling you get when you’re looking at what used to be your house and now is just…nothing.

We lived here for seven and a half years, planning to spend far longer in it. Then came the Eaton Fire, and whatever we had planned and dreamed would have to be put on hold. That blaze, when paired with the Palisades Fire in Malibu, destroyed 18,000 single family homes and apartment buildings.

18,000 depressions in the ground, full of dirt that once held up homes. 18,000 families who are on a long road of recovery and rebuilding, who are asking themselves every day how this happened and what they do next.

The ground is rough and uneven. Half the driveway is gone, cut up to ensure access to the footers of the house. It’s all beaten up from the massive excavator that the Army Corps of Engineers’ contractors used to scoop up the remains of our lives and drop it into a dump truck.

Watching the excavator a few days earlier as the debris removal began was truly one of the more bizarre moments of life since the fire. It would pick up something that was once meaningful to us – our grill, the bathtub where we bathed the kids when they were little, the dishwasher I loaded the night of the fire – then move it to the center of the debris pile, then rear back and smash it flat, like Godzilla stepping on a tank. Then the flattened piece of debris is scooped up and dropped in a plastic-wrapped flatbed for eventual disposal somewhere far away.

Eventually, it’s all gone except the dirt.

Looking at the ground, hearing the endless convoy of trucks and excavators going up and down our once-quiet street, and seeing the other cleared plots of land, I’m thinking more than anything of what it took to get from where we were three-plus months ago to where we are now. From a burned out ruin to a plot of land, in a neighborhood once full of burned out ruins that will slowly become habitable again.

Certainly, the effort to remove all of this debris was massive, requiring a huge amount of both high-level coordination and work on the ground. Most of the workers we’d spoken to hadn’t had a day off since the beginning of February. Multiple agencies had to put together a plan for how to remove the contents of both Palisades and Altadena in a way that was both safe and didn’t drag on for years. The EPA had to inspect every lot for hazardous and toxic materials. Contractors had to be hired, systems had to be designed, pathways mapped out, dump sites figured out, procedures codified. You need a lot of guys, a lot of equipment, and a lot of material – and you don’t have a lot of time to do it. And someone had to figure out who was paying for it.

It took dozens, maybe hundreds of people working madly to just get to a point where there was a plan to take our debris pile and turn it into the depression in the ground I was looking at. The process still has some creaks to it – the “72 hour call” you get from the Corps to let you know your debris removal is imminent is actually a “couple of days or two weeks” call. Ours came late on a Friday, and we didn’t get an update for another week, when we were told the walkthrough of our property might happen the next day – and it actually happened late the day after that. But it did happen.

Before the debris could be removed, it took heroic efforts by first responders to put the fires out in the first place. A level of courage that most people – i.e., me – will never have or need to summon up. And it will take an equally massive effort by thousands of other builders working for other agencies and companies to ensure that this block of Altadena full of depressions in the ground doesn’t stay looking like this. As much as we’d like our old homes back, we’d also like new ones, thank you very much.

That doesn’t just happen. It takes designers and architects, contractors and subcontractors, specialists and inspectors, countless tons of wood and metal and whatever insulation is made out of. And it will not happen quickly, or cheaply.

Then there’s what happened before the fire itself. The sequence of events that played out not just on the day of the fire, but in the decades and centuries before it. Hundreds of years of a slowly changing climate that’s not slowly changing anymore. A hundred-year-old town built from wood and full of drying out greenery, where homes were passed down through the decades but rarely brought up to code. A megacity built in a desert and stuffed into the crevices between cliffs. A land of milk and honey where the ground shakes and the sky burns. A water system stretched beyond its limits and battered by a 100 year wind storm happening for the second year in a row. Officials out of their depth and early warning systems that didn’t work and electrical lines that should have been off but weren’t.

So many failures. So much accomplishment. No wonder I’m a little dizzy.

I stepped back from the driveway onto the back patio, or what’s left of it. The pavers are loose and cracked, so I quickly stepped back off. Trucks rolled by and I worried that my car was too far from the curb because of the sandbags. The horizon was too long, too unobstructed. After a few minutes at the depression in the ground, I walked back to the car, and drove back from my scraped-up old life to the work-in-progress of my new one.

How did this happen? I thought to myself. What do we do now?

It wasn’t the first time I’d asked myself this. And it wouldn’t be the last.

Eaton Fire #14: Ash, Toxicity, and the Illusion of Safety

I’m an independent journalist with an uncertain road ahead. To support my work telling the story of the Eaton Fire and its aftermath, please consider a paid monthly subscription to my Patreon page. Thank you!


Nobody knows who first coined the term “safety is an illusion,” though there are a number of internet memes attributing it to various people. It’s also one of those things that people don’t actually want to believe is true. We want to be safe, and we do everything we can to put ourselves and our families into situations that maximize safety. If safety is an illusion, then we’re wasting our effort and should be prepared for the worst thing to happen at any time.

Obviously, losing your home in a fast-moving wildfire featuring embers blown like missiles at 90 miles per hour is pretty good proof that safety is an illusion. We believed our house was south enough of the fire danger line in Altadena to be safe – and that was pretty clearly an illusion.

But the illusion of safety extends well past the fire itself and into the cleanup and recovery.

Remember the first days of COVID lockdown, when nobody knew what was safe or not? We weren’t sure whether we had to wipe our groceries down, if masks were necessary or useful, and how transmittable the disease was. Nobody knew anything, and it was madness. Cleanup after the Eaton Fire is like that. We don’t know how safe the soil is, how breathable the air is, what remediation efforts will work and won’t work, and how much of the toxic crap in the air we can take in before it starts to be detrimental to our health.

And it’s madness.

Right now, there’s a remediation company working across the street from our temporary housing. A guy in a white hazmat suit is power washing the roof, trying to get what’s likely toxic ash from the fire off it. That’s great – except does that work? If it does make life in the house safer, was it not safe before? What actually happens to the particles of ash that are sprayed off the roof? Do they go on someone else’s roof?

In the early days of cleanup, the LA County Public Health department issued “a Public Health Advisory for individuals residing within 250 yards of a burned structure or parcel within or near the Palisades and Eaton burn areas.”

Residents in these areas may face an increased risk of exposure to hazardous substances from ash, soot, and fire debris before the completion of Phase 1 (hazardous materials removal) and Phase 2 (fire debris removal). Exposure to these materials may lead to physical health symptoms (American Chemical Society, EST Air, 2025, 2, 13-23) and may pose long-term health impacts.

Okay, that’s great. Except why 250 yards? Why not 200 or 300? According to the Altadena Town Council, “The 250-yard perimeter determined for the Eaton Fire was initially based on prior wildfire contamination studies and CalFire mapping, which factored in historical data and the likely settling of fire ash and toxins.” The Eaton Fire had a much smaller footprint than major wildfires like the Camp Fire of 2018, and destroyed fewer structures than that blaze – but Eaton burned one tenth of the acreage, but half of the number of homes. This means the land burned by the Eaton Fire was much more densely packed, not to mention the ash from the burned homes was thrown for miles in every direction by the high winds.

So the 250 yard perimeter sounds a lot like an illusion of safety. A well-intentioned one, for sure. But guesswork. What are we supposed to actually do about this advisory, given that many of us are actively going to our properties, driving in the burn zones, or just live near them? Plenty of surviving homes in Altadena are near burned out structures, but not right next to them. Are they safe? Can they be remediated? There’s just no long-term data about what happens to people when they are regularly exposed to a mix of burned plastic, wood, copper, lead, PVC, lithium-ion batteries, insulation, etc.

As far as outside the burn zone, there’s already evidence from past fires that 250 yards isn’t enough to protect people from exposure to toxic debris, and that physical effects can still be felt far downwind, and that homes can act like sponges for this material, even after they’ve been cleaned. A study of homes after the Marshall Fire in Colorado in 2021 found that hazardous chemicals lingered in homes for weeks after the blaze, and lingered longer than expected.

And there’s some concern that the particles of toxic ash are so fine that they can’t effectively be filtered out by N95 masks. A particularly troubling New York Times article said researchers found that chemical contamination was fairly low outside the burn zone, but referred to residents in the burn zone coming home to a “toxic soup” of chemicals and compounds when they return. So that’s not great.

For folks rebuilding in the burn zone, safe debris removal is paramount, and the Army Corps is doing a good job so far of safely taking out burned debris, wrapping it in plastic, disposing of it, and wetting the ground down while the removal is happening. But is this a guarantee of safety? How can it be?

We’re facing innumerable questions that nobody has an answer to, and where there might not be one for years. The Army Corps is removing six inches of topsoil underneath the foundations of burned homes, but is that a safe enough amount? We don’t know, and unfortunately, the Army Corps isn’t doing soil testing – because FEMA stopped authorizing post-fire soil testing after the Camp Fire, due to it being “tedious and inefficient.” The EPA isn’t doing it either, believing that removing six inches of topsoil is enough to abate any danger.

So is the land we want to build houses on safe? Is the soil where we want to grow trees safe? Will our bedrooms and playgrounds and schools be safe? What about the water pipes that survived the fires? Are the sewer pipes safe? Will the debris removal kick up more ash that lands in places that aren’t easily accessible? The answers are basically between probably and maybe.

To find an instructive example for how safe prolonged exposure to toxic dust and debris is in the immediate area outside a burn zone is or isn’t, I looked not at another wildfire, but at 9/11. The toll that the toxic slop of the destroyed World Trade Center took on first responders is horrific, but the attacks sent toxic ash and dust miles in every direction, covering Lower Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn as well.

Even a year after the attack, there was limited data on what the exposure would do to the hundreds of thousands of people who lived and worked in those areas, many of whom were breathing at least trace amounts of compounds that had never even existed before they were created in the heat and intensity of the explosions. After a few years, more New Yorkers who lived and worked in the area near the WTC were coming forward with signs of respiratory illness – to the point where Congress finally authorized a compensation fund for health effects due to the attacks, though it took years of political wrangling and pointless arguing.

As of 2024, there are about 124,000 people registered for the WTC Health Program, but only about a third are residents of Lower Manhattan or the surrounding area. The rest are first responders, volunteers who went to the site, or workers from the immediate area around the WTC complex. About 400,000 people likely were exposed to the toxic aftermath of the collapses, and many did suffer from headaches, congestion, COPD, and long-term illnesses. But how much of that is directly from the debris, and how much of it is from just living in New York City? What would have happened anyway? Nobody really knows. And cancer can take decades to develop, meaning we likely still don’t know the full toll of the ash and dust of 9/11.

Certainly, the Eaton Fire didn’t arrive with the sudden violence of the Towers collapsing – there weren’t tens of thousands of workers covered in toxic debris and jet fuel residue. But the large scale dispersal of debris is a decent enough analogue, particularly in a situation when there are so many unknowns at work. So while we fret over the choices we make as we rebuild homes, we should also know that what we’re getting into doesn’t have a lot of precedent in American history, and many of the questions we have won’t be answered for years, if they’re ever answered in our lifetimes.

So yeah, safety is an illusion. Which doesn’t mean we can’t make safer choices and do the best we can to ensure positive outcomes. We can do as much abatement and cleanup as possible, pay out of pocket for testing, hold public officials and agencies accountable, keep vulnerable children away from burn zones as much as possible, and err on the side of caution.

We have to live our lives, and many of us want to rebuild our homes and communities. Nothing is risk-free, and the tradeoff is worth it. But it is a tradeoff – and at some point, that trade might be called in.